Aligning sprint defect policy with team capacity planning reality

Our team struggled with unpredictable sprint outcomes because unplanned defects constantly derailed our commitments. We’d plan a sprint with story points allocated to features, then critical bugs would arrive mid-sprint forcing us to drop planned work. Velocity became meaningless and carryover rates climbed above 30%.

We implemented a defect buffer approach in Jira 9. Now we estimate bugs in story points just like features and reserve a dedicated swimlane on our sprint board with a WIP limit of 15 points for in-sprint defects. Automation flags critical bugs that arrive mid-sprint so the team can assess impact immediately. Board filters highlight bugs separately from planned stories, giving us visibility into how much capacity defects actually consume each sprint. After three sprints our velocity stabilized and carryover dropped to 12%.

We estimate during triage for anything marked high or critical severity. Lower priority bugs get estimated only if they’re pulled into a sprint. This keeps the backlog refinement workload reasonable while ensuring we have sizing data for the defects most likely to disrupt sprint plans.

How do you handle the tradeoff when critical bugs exceed your 15-point buffer? Do you expand the limit or drop planned stories?

What board filters are you using to separate bugs from stories? We tried color-coding by issue type but it wasn’t obvious enough during sprint reviews.